While the vast majority of calls are respectful participants, the live, town hall format of our call-ins can occasionally gives rise to calls that contain factual inaccuracies or distasteful language. How does C-SPAN handle calls that are inaccurate or distasteful? Viewers are now able to also share their thoughts via email Twitter, Facebook and text messages (20). The program strives to take 60 calls per three-hour program - translating to more than 400 calls per week and 20,000 calls per year. How many calls does the Washington Journal air per day? The idea behind this practice is to avoid creating "personalities" so that the focus of the program remains on the guests and the callers. Throughout its history, C-SPAN has drawn call-in hosts from its ranks they host the program in addition to other roles at the network. The role of the C-SPAN call-in host is to facilitate the dialogue between callers and our guests. Why are there different hosts on the Washington Journal? Guided by an executive producer, the Washington Journal has a staff of producers, guest bookers, hosts and production assistants who work as a team to decide what topics are covered and which guests to book for the discussion. How is the Washington Journal staffed and run? In addition to our daily call-in program, the Washington Journal, C-SPAN regularly incorporates viewer call-ins into the schedule to allow people to react to breaking news events.
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This is defined in the standard at ISO 9899:2011 6.5.7 Bit-wise shift operators.For example, when shifting a 32 bit unsigned integer, a shift amount of 32 or higher would be undefined.One of C-SPAN's founding philosophies was focusing on the viewer and, through our call-in programs, viewers are able to interact directly with elected officials, policymakers and journalists. However, do note that a shift operand value which is either a negative number or is greater than or equal to the total number of bits in this value results in undefined behavior.
Thus by doing ch << 1 in the above example we have 11001010.īlank spaces generated are filled up by zeroes as above. It works opposite to that of right shift operator. It shifts each bit in its left-hand operand to the left by the number of positions indicated by the right-hand operand. When performed on a negative value in a signed type, the result is technically implementation-defined (compiler dependent), however most compilers will perform an arithmetic shift, causing the blank to be filled with the set sign bit of the left operand. When performed on an unsigned type or a non-negative value in an signed type, the operation performed is a logical shift, causing the blanks to be filled by 0s (zeros). Here blank spaces are generated simultaneously on the left when the bits are shifted to the right. If the variable ch contains the bit pattern 11100101, then ch > 1 will produce the result 01110010, and ch > 2 will produce 00111001. For example, when shifting a 32 bit unsigned integer, a shift amount of 32 or higher would be undefined. Thus by doing ch > 3 all the bits will be shifted to the right by three places and so on. The number following the operator decides the number of places the bits are shifted (i.e. It shifts each bit in its left operand to the right.
For its operation, it requires two operands.
Its symbol is | which can be called a pipe. Its result is a 1 if either of the bits is 1 and zero only when both bits are 0. Similar to bitwise AND, bitwise OR performs logical disjunction at the bit level. The most significant bit of the first number is 1 and that of the second number is also 1 so the most significant bit of the result is 1 in the second most significant bit, the bit of second number is zero, so we have the result as 0. Bitwise binary AND performs logical conjunction (shown in the table above) of the bits in each position of a number in its binary form.įor instance, working with a byte (the char type): It is just a representation of AND which does its work on the bits of the operands rather than the truth value of the operands. The bitwise AND operator is a single ampersand: &.
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